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MathlibNt.SieveTheory.Distribution.LiuPan.LiuPanAggregatePsiCharacters

Character reduction for Liu's aggregate psi term #

This module gives exact finite character identities for the aggregate source-convolution psi discrepancy. It separates the principal character before any absolute value or character Cauchy--Schwarz inequality, and then regroups the nonprincipal part by primitive conductor.

The source prefix twisted by a Dirichlet character.

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    The von Mangoldt prefix twisted by a Dirichlet character.

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      The logarithmically normalized von Mangoldt prefix twisted by a Dirichlet character. The totalized terms at 0 and 1 vanish.

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        A Dirichlet character kills exactly the nonunit source terms.

        Complex character expansion of one complete AP psi sum.

        Moving the inverse source residue through conjugation produces the source character and leaves the common residue phase outside.

        The complex source aggregate before subtracting its uniform main term.

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          The exact all-character mean for the source aggregate. The source prefix and von Mangoldt prefix remain multiplied before any absolute value.

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            Exact complex character expansion of the source-aggregated AP psi sum.

            The principal source prefix is the source sum restricted to units modulo q; in particular it is not generally the unrestricted source sum.

            Complexification commutes with the source-aggregate AP psi sum.

            The real aggregate discrepancy is the complex AP aggregate minus the exact principal source main term.

            The exact nonprincipal character contribution, with the source and von Mangoldt prefixes still paired character by character.

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              The canonical finite character expansion. Modulus zero is assigned zero; the positive-modulus theorem below identifies this with the actual aggregate discrepancy.

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                Exact principal/nonprincipal character expansion of the aggregate AP psi discrepancy. The principal term is F₁(A) * (Psi₁(t) - t) / phi(q) and is not cancelled.

                The exact principal correction #

                The ordinary finite Chebyshev psi prefix.

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                  The finite psi prefix is exactly Chebyshev's real-variable function at the corresponding natural argument.

                  The ordinary Chebyshev PNT remainder at a natural argument.

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                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.eventually_abs_liuPanPNTError_le_mediumPNT :
                    ∃ (c : ), 0 < c ∃ (C : ), 0 < C ∃ (N0 : ), ∀ (t : ), N0 t|liuPanPNTError t| C * t * Real.exp (-c * Real.log t ^ (1 / 10))

                    The medium PNT supplies a natural, pointwise eventual bound for the ordinary psi remainder. The threshold includes all short arguments, where the logarithmic expression need not be used.

                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.eventually_abs_liuPanPNTError_le_div_log_rpow (A : ) (_hA : 0 < A) :
                    ∃ (C : ), 0 < C ∃ (N0 : ), ∀ (t : ), N0 t|liuPanPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ A

                    Medium PNT gives every prescribed fixed logarithmic saving for the ordinary natural psi remainder.

                    A global linear bound for the ordinary PNT remainder, used only to dispose of the finite initial segment in Abel summation.

                    The nonnegative finite Abel weights telescope, uniformly in their upper endpoint.

                    Away from the totalized exceptional indices, the Abel weight has the expected logarithmic derivative majorant.

                    On any tail starting at L ≥ 2, the derivative bound for the Abel weights turns an arbitrary fixed logarithmic PNT majorant into the endpoint scale.

                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.sum_Ico_liuPanInverseLogAbelWeight_mul_absPNTError_le (D L t : ) (C : ) (hL : 2 L) (hC : 0 C) (hPNT : ∀ (n : ), L n|liuPanPNTError n| C * n / Real.log n ^ D) :
                    nFinset.Ico L t, liuPanInverseLogAbelWeight n * |liuPanPNTError n| C * t / Real.log L ^ (D + 2)

                    A pointwise logarithmic PNT majorant transfers through any Abel tail with the two extra logarithms supplied by the derivative of the Abel weight.

                    The totalized Abel transform of the PNT error has a global linear majorant. This is the short-range input for the logarithmically saving tail estimate.

                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.eventually_abs_liuPanLogPNTError_le_div_log_pow (A : ) :
                    ∃ (C : ), 0 < C ∃ (N0 : ), ∀ (t : ), N0 t|liuPanLogPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ A

                    Every fixed natural logarithmic saving eventually holds for the totalized inverse-log Abel transform of the ordinary PNT remainder.

                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.eventually_abs_liuPanLogPNTError_le_div_log_rpow (A : ) (_hA : 0 < A) :
                    ∃ (C : ), 0 < C ∃ (N0 : ), ∀ (t : ), N0 t|liuPanLogPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ A

                    Every fixed positive real logarithmic saving eventually holds for the totalized inverse-log Abel transform of the ordinary PNT remainder.

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                    Totalized inverse-log Abel weights remove the exceptional argument zero.

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                    Totalized inverse-log Abel weights remove the exceptional argument one.

                    The part of psi supported on integers not coprime to the modulus. Since von Mangoldt is supported on prime powers, these are exactly the prime-power terms whose prime divides q.

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                      The logarithmically normalized noncoprime prime-power correction. The terms at 0 and 1 vanish, so this is a total finite sum.

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                        The finite number of relevant prime powers: exactly those whose prime divides the modulus, expressed without choosing that prime.

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                          A noncoprime prime power is determined by its unique base prime dividing the positive modulus and an exponent at most log₂ N.

                          Prime-power support of von Mangoldt localizes the logarithmic correction to the displayed finite count.

                          Each logarithmically normalized von Mangoldt term on prime-power support is at most one.

                          The largest prime-power count needed by source quotients with y ≤ N.

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                            The same prime-factor/exponent count controls every prefix up to N.

                            Uniformly for positive q ≤ N, the finite prime-power count costs only two logarithms.

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                            Modulus one has no noncoprime prime-power correction.

                            The principal character selects psi minus the noncoprime prime-power correction.

                            The ordinary PNT-error part of the principal character contribution.

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                              The real source aggregate paired with the ordinary PNT remainder.

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                                The complex principal PNT term is the complexification of its real source aggregate, followed by the totient normalization.

                                The real source aggregate paired with the noncoprime psi correction.

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                                  The complex principal correction is just the complexification of its real source aggregate, followed by the totient normalization.

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                                  The zero modulus is canonically killed by the totient normalization.

                                  The source-aggregated endpoint shell for a scalar noncoprime correction.

                                  Swapping the source sum with scalar noncoprime correction prefixes retains the shared Abel source cutoff.

                                  Exact principal split into the ordinary PNT error and the modulus- noncoprime correction.

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                                  Modulus one consists only of the principal psi contribution.

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                                  At modulus one the canonical expansion is principal only.

                                  The actual aggregate discrepancy at modulus one is principal only.

                                  Primitive dilation on the source and von Mangoldt sides #

                                  The source sequence extended by zero at the excluded index 0.

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                                    The source prefix as a zero-extended range sum, in the form consumed by the generic induced-character dilation identity.

                                    Exact conductor-first primitive/Möbius-dilation transfer of the source prefix for one induced character.

                                    Exact conductor-first primitive/Möbius-dilation transfer of the von Mangoldt prefix for one induced character.

                                    Both factors of the aggregate character product transfer to primitive dilations before any absolute value or character Cauchy--Schwarz step.

                                    Exact conductor-first regrouping #

                                    The nonprincipal sum regrouped by exact conductor. Conductor one is absent from the indexing interval.

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                                      Exact regrouping of the nonprincipal aggregate by conductor, before any absolute value or Cauchy--Schwarz inequality.

                                      The conductor sum reindexed by the unique primitive character inducing each nonprincipal character.

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                                        Exact primitive-character reindexing of the conductor-first aggregate.

                                        Substitution into the aggregate Abel term #

                                        Exact substitution into liuPanAggregateInverseLogPsiTerm; all source cutoffs, shell differences, and common y parameters are unchanged.

                                        theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanAggregatePNTError_endpoint_shell (y X q : ) (f g : ) (hg0 : g 0 = 0) :
                                        (∑ aFinset.Icc 1 X, if a.Coprime q then f a * g (y / a) * liuPanPNTError (y / a) else 0) = kFinset.Icc 1 y, g k * (liuPanAggregatePNTError k (liuPanAbelSourceCutoff y X k) q f - liuPanAggregatePNTError k (liuPanAbelSourceCutoff y X (k + 1)) q f)

                                        The source-aggregated endpoint shell for the scalar ordinary PNT remainder.

                                        theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanAggregatePNTError_prefix_swap (y X q : ) (f w : ) :
                                        (∑ aFinset.Icc 1 X, if a.Coprime q then f a * nFinset.range (y / a), w n * liuPanPNTError n else 0) = nFinset.range y, w n * liuPanAggregatePNTError n (liuPanAbelSourceCutoff y X (n + 1)) q f

                                        Swapping source summation with ordinary PNT prefixes retains the shared Abel source cutoff.

                                        The ordinary PNT Abel aggregate is exactly the source convolution with the totalized inverse-log PNT remainder.

                                        Complexification and the totient factor commute with the complete ordinary-PNT shared-y Abel aggregation.

                                        Exact real source form of the ordinary principal/PNT term. In particular, the same y / a quotient remains inside the totalized Abel remainder.

                                        The exact Liu source is an indicator, so replacing it by one is permitted only through this explicit pointwise upper bound.

                                        The reciprocal mass of the actual Liu source is bounded by the harmonic sum; this is the source factor used for the long-quotient PNT range.

                                        The reciprocal Liu-source mass costs at most one logarithm.

                                        The global linear Abel bound, summed against the reciprocal Liu source. This is the short-y input in the principal source-family estimate.

                                        theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.eventually_liuWeight_quotient_ge_rpow_one_ninth :
                                        ∃ (N0 : ), ∀ (N : ), N0 N∀ (y : ), N ^ (5 / 6) yaFinset.Icc 1 N, liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N) a 0N ^ (1 / 9) ↑(y / a)

                                        Once y reaches the five-sixths scale, every nonzero Liu source produces a quotient at least at the one-ninth scale. The weaker exponent absorbs the integer division uniformly.

                                        theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.abs_liuPanPrincipalPNTSourceSum_le_large (D C : ) (hD : 0 < D) (hC : 0 C) (T0 : ) (hscalar : ∀ (t : ), T0 t|liuPanLogPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ D) {N y q : } (hN : 3 N) (hT0 : T0 N ^ (1 / 9)) (hquot : aFinset.Icc 1 N, liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N) a 0N ^ (1 / 9) ↑(y / a)) :
                                        |aFinset.Icc 1 N, if a.Coprime q then liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N) a * liuPanLogPNTError (y / a) else 0| C * 9 ^ D * y / Real.log N ^ D * (1 + Real.log N)

                                        On the large-y range, a scalar logarithmic PNT bound may be applied uniformly to every nonzero Liu source quotient.

                                        The aggregate correction is exactly the source sum of the logarithmically normalized noncoprime prime-power correction; the same shared y and source cutoffs are retained.

                                        Complexification and the totient factor commute with the complete shared-y noncoprime Abel aggregation.

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                                        The shared-y principal noncoprime term also vanishes canonically at modulus zero.

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                                        At modulus one the source form is exactly zero, not merely bounded.

                                        Product-cube source support gives the exact N^(2/3) factor in the noncoprime correction. The remaining factor is only the finite count of prime powers at primes dividing the modulus.

                                        Lifting the source estimate through the squarefree modulus average costs exactly H₃; no full-psi or square-root correction is introduced.

                                        The sharp prime-factor/exponent count removes the auxiliary maximum: uniformly in B ≥ 0, only two logarithms remain before the H₃ mass.

                                        The modulus-noncoprime correction has the unconditional N^(2/3) log(N)^8 scale, uniformly in the Pan parameter B ≥ 0.

                                        Every fixed logarithmic saving eventually dominates the unconditional noncoprime correction, uniformly for all B ≥ 0.

                                        The exact principal Abel term is ordinary PNT error minus the noncoprime prime-power correction. The source cutoffs and the common y are unchanged.

                                        One character's exact inverse-log hyperbola convolution. The source and von Mangoldt factors remain paired before any norm is taken.

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                                          For one character, the shared-y Abel shell is exactly the original source/Lambda hyperbola convolution.

                                          The nonprincipal inverse-log term in its exact character-by-character hyperbola form. Modulus zero is assigned zero canonically.

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                                            Exact pre-norm hyperbola identity for the nonprincipal part of the aggregate inverse-log discrepancy. The source coefficient and Lambda prefix stay coupled inside each character summand.

                                            Expanded form of the nonprincipal hyperbola identity, displaying both finite source and Lambda sums explicitly.

                                            Regrouping the logarithmic hyperbola by conductor is exact and precedes every norm or Cauchy--Schwarz inequality.

                                            The conductor-grouped logarithmic hyperbola reindexed by primitive characters and their unique lifts to level q.

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                                              Exact primitive-character reindexing of the logarithmic hyperbola.

                                              Primitive conductors at most D₀, retained in their exact lifted hyperbola form.

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                                                Primitive conductors above D₀, the medium/high bilinear family.

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                                                  Exact low/medium-high conductor partition at an arbitrary threshold D₀.

                                                  The nonprincipal Abel term is exactly the low-conductor plus medium/high primitive hyperbola families.

                                                  The substituted Abel term splits exactly into principal and nonprincipal parts, still before taking an absolute value.

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                                                  At modulus one the substituted Abel character term is principal only.

                                                  The actual inverse-log aggregate psi term at modulus one is principal only.

                                                  The complete exact character reduction after Abel substitution: the principal term remains separate, while the nonprincipal part is one coupled source/Lambda hyperbola sum.

                                                  Source-family decomposition #

                                                  Shared-y maximum of the low-conductor primitive hyperbola family.

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                                                    The exact conductor partition passes through the reduced-residue maximum using only the final two-term triangle inequality.

                                                    The modulus-weighted nonprincipal average is bounded by the two exact conductor families, with no all-character Cauchy step.

                                                    Pointwise, the aggregate psi term has exactly the ordinary principal PNT error, the positive noncoprime correction, and the nonprincipal character term.

                                                    Exact source-family bookkeeping: the original aggregate psi average is bounded by the ordinary principal PNT family, the now-unconditional noncoprime correction, and the still-conductor-grouped nonprincipal family.

                                                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanAggregateInverseLogPrincipalPNTMaxY_le_split (D C : ) (hD : 0 < D) (hC : 0 C) (T0 Ngeom : ) (hscalar : ∀ (t : ), T0 t|liuPanLogPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ D) (hgeom : ∀ (N : ), Ngeom N∀ (y : ), N ^ (5 / 6) yaFinset.Icc 1 N, liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N) a 0N ^ (1 / 9) ↑(y / a)) {N q : } (hN : 3 N) (hNgeom : Ngeom N) (hT0 : T0 N ^ (1 / 9)) :
                                                    liuPanAggregateInverseLogPrincipalPNTMaxY N q (liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N)) (2 * (Real.log 4 + 5) * (Real.log 2)⁻¹ * N ^ (5 / 6) * (1 + Real.log N) + C * 9 ^ D * N / Real.log N ^ D * (1 + Real.log N)) / q.totient

                                                    Uniform principal/PNT maximum obtained by splitting y < N^(5/6) from the complementary range.

                                                    theorem MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuMainPanAggregateInverseLogPrincipalPNTAverage_le_split_mul_H3 (D C : ) (hD : 0 < D) (hC : 0 C) (T0 Ngeom : ) (hscalar : ∀ (t : ), T0 t|liuPanLogPNTError t| C * t / Real.log t ^ D) (hgeom : ∀ (N : ), Ngeom N∀ (y : ), N ^ (5 / 6) yaFinset.Icc 1 N, liuWeight N (liuSourceZ10 N) (liuSourceY3 N) a 0N ^ (1 / 9) ↑(y / a)) {N : } (B : ) (hN : 3 N) (hNgeom : Ngeom N) (hT0 : T0 N ^ (1 / 9)) :

                                                    The split source estimate lifts through exactly the existing H₃ modulus mass, including the totalized zero modulus.

                                                    Minimal varying-source hypothesis for the ordinary PNT part of the principal character. No pointwise psi(x) ∼ x statement is promoted to this uniform aggregate estimate.

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                                                      The ordinary principal source family is unconditional. The estimate is uniform in every nonnegative Pan cutoff parameter, which lets it be combined with either nonprincipal conductor regime without changing cutoffs.

                                                      The named principal/PNT source-family contract is therefore inhabited without an additional analytic assumption.

                                                      The earlier three-part packaging with one shared modulus cutoff and one conductor threshold function. Its principal component is now unconditional; the predicate is retained as a convenient bundled interface.

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                                                        The only source-family inputs still open: low primitive conductors and the medium/high primitive bilinear family, at one shared cutoff.

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                                                          The two genuinely analytic source-family inputs, stated with one shared modulus cutoff: ordinary PNT for the principal family and the conductor-first nonprincipal estimate. The noncoprime correction is intentionally absent.

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                                                            The principal/PNT, low-conductor Siegel--Walfisz, and medium/high weighted primitive bilinear predicates imply the remaining two-family psi predicate.

                                                            The remaining PNT/nonprincipal source-family inputs imply the original aggregate psi contract because the noncoprime family is unconditional.

                                                            The exact three-regime analytic predicate implies the original aggregate source-family psi contract; the noncoprime correction is supplied unconditionally.

                                                            Low-conductor Siegel--Walfisz plus the medium/high primitive bilinear estimate now suffice for the full aggregate psi source-family contract. Principal PNT and noncoprime terms are supplied unconditionally.

                                                            Remaining analytic split #

                                                            The ordinary principal/PNT family is closed unconditionally by liuMainPanAggregateInverseLogPrincipalPNTSourceFamilyBound, and the noncoprime family is also closed unconditionally. Exactly two analytic regimes remain, neither asserted here: