Character form of Liu's prime-power correction #
The coefficient below records every admissible ordered Liu pair and every prime-power correction factor separately. Thus no multiplicity is lost before the progression condition is converted to characters.
The nonnegative non-prime part of the logarithmically normalized von Mangoldt function.
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The finite multiplicity-preserving coefficient obtained from Liu's ordered prime-pair source and the non-prime von Mangoldt correction.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n = ∑ p ∈ MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuWeightPairs N (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceZ10 N) (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceY3 N), ∑ m ∈ Finset.range (N + 1), if p.1 * p.2 * m = n then MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerKappa m else 0
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The progression partial sum of the multiplicity-preserving coefficient.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerAPSum N y q l = ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n * if n ≡ l [MOD q] then 1 else 0
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The same AP sum before the finite product coefficient is collected.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerSourceAPSum N y q l = ∑ p ∈ MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuWeightPairs N (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceZ10 N) (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceY3 N), ∑ m ∈ Finset.range (N + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerKappa m * if p.1 * p.2 * m ≤ y ∧ p.1 * p.2 * m ≡ l [MOD q] then 1 else 0
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The source AP sum with the coprimality gate appearing in Liu's signed correction bound still displayed.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoprimeSourceAPSum N y q l = ∑ p ∈ MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuWeightPairs N (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceZ10 N) (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuSourceY3 N), if (p.1 * p.2).Coprime q then ∑ m ∈ Finset.range (N + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerKappa m * if p.1 * p.2 * m ≤ y ∧ p.1 * p.2 * m ≡ l [MOD q] then 1 else 0 else 0
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The full character mean attached to the coefficient AP sum.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCharacterMean N y q l = (↑q.totient)⁻¹ * ∑ χ : DirichletCharacter ℂ q, star (χ ↑l) * ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), ↑(MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n) * χ ↑n
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The unprogressed coefficient mass through y.
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The coefficient mass through y on integers coprime to q. This is the
mass selected by the principal Dirichlet character modulo q.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoprimeTotal N y q = ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n * if n.Coprime q then 1 else 0
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The complementary coefficient mass through y on nonunits modulo q.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNoncoprimeTotal N y q = ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n * if n.Coprime q then 0 else 1
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The real character discrepancy: the real part of the full character mean minus its principal density contribution.
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The genuine nonprincipal discrepancy: the AP sum minus the mass selected
by the principal character, divided by φ(q).
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The normalized non-prime von Mangoldt contribution is at most one.
Every coefficient is nonnegative.
The number of ordered nonzero source representations of n is at most the
square of the number of distinct prime divisors of n.
The standard elementary bound ω(n) ≤ log n / log 2.
The exact L² ≤ L∞ · L¹ reduction for Liu's collected coefficients, with
the pointwise multiplicity supplied by the logarithmic bound above.
The coefficient has the explicit finite support supplied by its two finite index sets.
The coefficient sequence is finitely supported, with the transparent
support cutoff N².
The exact floor-division audit needed when a source factor is absorbed into the prime-power variable.
The inverse-residue convention in the correction kernel is exactly the congruence obtained after restoring the source factor.
A unit product residue forces the Liu source factor to be coprime to the modulus. This is the step which makes the unrestricted collected coefficient compatible with the coprime source sum.
Exact one-source-factor regrouping of the correction kernel. The proof uses both the floor-division and inverse-residue audits above.
Reindexing the characteristic Liu weight by its unique source pair turns the correction bound into the coprime source AP sum.
A unit target residue makes the coprimality gate in the source AP sum redundant, since a non-unit source factor cannot produce that residue.
Collecting the finite coefficient back into its source pairs is exact; in particular every product collision retains its multiplicity.
For y ≤ N and a unit residue, Liu's exact prime-power correction is the
AP partial sum of the finite multiplicity-preserving coefficient.
The complex character mean is exactly the complexification of the AP partial sum.
The real part of the character mean is the real AP partial sum.
The character sum with the principal character removed.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalCharacterMean N y q l = (↑q.totient)⁻¹ * ∑ χ ∈ Finset.univ.erase 1, star (χ ↑l) * ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), ↑(MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n) * χ ↑n
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The principal character selects exactly the coefficient mass on units.
The genuine discrepancy is the real part of the normalized sum over nonprincipal characters, with the principal mass removed exactly.
The exact square sum over the nonprincipal characters at a fixed cutoff.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalCharacterSquareSum N y q l = ∑ χ ∈ Finset.univ.erase 1, ‖star (χ ↑l) * ∑ n ∈ Finset.range (y + 1), ↑(MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerCoefficient N n) * χ ↑n‖ ^ 2
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The finite number of nonprincipal characters used in the square-sum bound.
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A pointwise absolute Cauchy--Schwarz bound for the bridge, with the all-nonprincipal square sum left explicit and no large-sieve estimate.
The unrestricted mass is the disjoint sum of its unit and nonunit parts.
The principal-character mass is nonnegative.
The unrestricted coefficient mass is nonnegative.
The full coefficient mass is exactly the modulus-one correction.
Chebyshev's global correction bound controls the full coefficient mass by the exact square-root mass of Liu's source pairs.
The source-pair square-root mass is nonnegative.
The exact source pair set injects into the rectangle supplied by Liu's
p₁ ≤ N^(1/3) and corrected p₂ ≤ N^(9/20) cutoffs.
A real-power form of the finite source-pair cardinality bound.
Cauchy--Schwarz, the exact source rectangle, and the two uniform reciprocal
prime sums put the source-pair square-root mass on the N^(107/120) scale.
Restricting to units can only decrease the nonnegative coefficient mass.
The coprime principal mass is monotone in the partial-sum cutoff.
Exact principal-density plus discrepancy decomposition of the coefficient AP partial sum.
Exact principal-character density plus genuine nonprincipal discrepancy.
The previous all-total discrepancy differs from the genuine nonprincipal discrepancy by exactly the omitted noncoprime principal-character mass.
Character reduction of Liu's correction bound at each nonzero unit
progression. This combines the exact source regrouping with charSum_ap.
Character reduction with the actual principal-character mass.
At modulus one the character discrepancy vanishes exactly.
At modulus one the genuine nonprincipal discrepancy also vanishes exactly.
Liu's nonnegative squarefree modulus weight.
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The zero modulus is killed before any character argument is invoked.
Nonnegativity of the modulus weight used in the density and residual averages.
Nonsquarefree moduli have zero weight.
The squarefree modulus weight divided by Euler's totient is multiplicative on positive coprime arguments.
If d * r is squarefree and e ∣ r, its normalized modulus weight
factors into the conductor, selected divisor, and complementary cofactor.
The finite H₃ mass used when the squarefree modulus sum is regrouped
conductor first.
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The finite J₉ mass generated by Cauchy--Schwarz in the squarefree
cofactor variable.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerJ9Mass Q = ∑ d ∈ Finset.range (Q + 1), ↑(ArithmeticFunction.moebius d) ^ 2 * 9 ^ d.primeFactors.card / ↑d
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The dilated-coefficient cofactor mass with the square-root saving supplied by the large sieve.
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The stronger cofactor mass occurring in the Q² part of the large-sieve
bound.
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On squarefree integers the J₉ summand is its expected Euler product.
Subset expansion bounds the finite J₉ mass by its positive Euler
product.
The square-root cofactor mass is already dominated by H₃; no extra
power of the conductor cutoff is lost.
The linearly damped cofactor mass is also dominated by H₃.
The density modulus mass occurring after averaging over Liu's moduli.
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The density modulus mass is nonnegative.
The density modulus mass is exactly the existing Pan main-term totient-weighted sum at Liu's modulus cutoff.
The known Pan modulus estimate supplies the required polylogarithmic density bound without discarding the arithmetic-progression structure.
The unrestricted coefficient mass has a uniform power saving. The exponent comes only from the exact source rectangle and global Chebyshev control.
The density product has the explicit power-saving coefficient scale, uniformly in the modulus cutoff.
The maximal character discrepancy over unit residue classes.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerDiscrepancyMaxL N y q = if h : (AnalyticNumberTheory.Sieve.unitResidues q).Nonempty then (Finset.image (fun (l : ℕ) => |MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerDiscrepancy N y q l|) (AnalyticNumberTheory.Sieve.unitResidues q)).max' ⋯ else 0
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The maximal character discrepancy over y ≤ N and unit residues.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerDiscrepancyMaxY N q = (Finset.image (fun (y : ℕ) => MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerDiscrepancyMaxL N y q) (Finset.range (N + 1))).max' ⋯
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A transparent weighted maximal character residual, with no large-sieve estimate asserted.
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The maximal genuine nonprincipal discrepancy over unit residue classes.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalDiscrepancyMaxL N y q = if h : (AnalyticNumberTheory.Sieve.unitResidues q).Nonempty then (Finset.image (fun (l : ℕ) => |MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalDiscrepancy N y q l|) (AnalyticNumberTheory.Sieve.unitResidues q)).max' ⋯ else 0
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The maximal genuine nonprincipal discrepancy over y ≤ N and unit
residue classes.
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The transparent residual after the true principal mass is removed. Via
liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalDiscrepancy_eq_discrepancy_add_noncoprime, it is
exactly the old character discrepancy together with its noncoprime correction.
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- MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuMainPanPrimePowerCharacterNoncoprimeResidual N B = ∑ q ∈ Finset.range (MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.panModulusCutoff N B + 1), MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerModulusWeight q * MathlibNt.SieveTheory.LiuWeight.liuPanPrimePowerNonprincipalDiscrepancyMaxY N q
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Exact structural reduction of the prime-power average: a coefficient mass times the totient-weighted modulus density, plus one maximal character residual. No estimate for the residual is asserted here.
Source-faithful reduction of the averaged correction: the true coprime principal mass is bounded by the full coefficient mass, while all remaining character and noncoprime effects stay in one explicit maximal residual.
The density term in the averaged correction is bounded by the known polylogarithmic modulus sum; no estimate for the explicit residual is asserted.
Quantitative density reduction of Liu's exact AP correction average. The only unestimated term is the displayed maximal character/noncoprime residual.