Pan--Wang--Ding (1975), original p.601, (2.6): finite cofactor transport. The payload is arbitrary; in the application it is the whole-a norm, not an a-wise triangle majorant. All positive divisors, including d=1, are retained.
theorem
AnalyticNumberTheory.LargeSieve.PanCofactor.sum_divisors_eq_hyperbola
(G : ℕ → ℕ → ℝ)
(D : ℕ)
:
∑ q ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, ∑ d ∈ q.divisors, G (q / d) d = ∑ m ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, ∑ d ∈ Finset.Icc 1 (D / m), G m d
Exact cofactor bijection (q,d) ↦ (q/d,d), inverse (m,d) ↦ (m*d,d).
No positivity is required of the real payload in this equality.
theorem
AnalyticNumberTheory.LargeSieve.PanCofactor.weighted_sum_divisors_eq_hyperbola
(F : ℕ → ℕ → ℝ)
(D : ℕ)
:
∑ q ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, (↑q.totient)⁻¹ * ∑ d ∈ q.divisors, F (q / d) d = ∑ m ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, ∑ d ∈ Finset.Icc 1 (D / m), (↑(m * d).totient)⁻¹ * F m d
Exact reciprocal-totient ledger before paying the weight.
theorem
AnalyticNumberTheory.LargeSieve.PanCofactor.weighted_sum_divisors_le_rectangle
(F : ℕ → ℕ → ℝ)
(hF : ∀ (m d : ℕ), 0 ≤ F m d)
(D : ℕ)
:
∑ q ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, (↑q.totient)⁻¹ * ∑ d ∈ q.divisors, F (q / d) d ≤ ∑ m ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, (↑m.totient)⁻¹ * ∑ d ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, (↑d.totient)⁻¹ * F m d
Totient supermultiplicativity pays the weight; nonnegativity permits only enlargement of the hyperbola to the positive D-by-D rectangle.
theorem
AnalyticNumberTheory.LargeSieve.PanCofactor.weighted_sum_divisors_le_uniform
(F : ℕ → ℕ → ℝ)
(hF : ∀ (m d : ℕ), 0 ≤ F m d)
(D : ℕ)
(M : ℝ)
(hM : ∀ m ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, ∑ d ∈ Finset.Icc 1 D, (↑d.totient)⁻¹ * F m d ≤ M)
:
A uniform whole-payload inner bound leaves precisely the cofactor mass. This finite implication does not assert an analytic bound for the payload.